Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, affecting millions of people globally each year. It occurs when skin cells are damaged, usually by ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds, leading to uncontrolled growth. Skin cancer surgery is a highly effective treatment method, and it removes cancerous cells and restores skin health. Here is more information about surgery for skin cancer and what to expect:
Defining Skin Cancer
Skin cancer occurs mainly on areas of sun-exposed skin, and these areas include the scalp, face, hands, and legs. But it can also form on areas that rarely see the light of day, such as your palms, beneath your fingernails or toenails, and your genital area. Skin cancer surgery can treat skin cancer in people of all skin tones, including those with darker complexions. When melanoma occurs in people with dark skin tones, it is more likely to occur in areas not normally exposed to the sun, such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
There are three major types of skin cancer:
- Basal cell carcinoma: This type usually occurs in sun-exposed areas of your body, such as your neck or face.
- Squamous cell carcinoma: Often found on sun-exposed areas, this can also develop in scars or chronic skin sores.
- Melanoma: This is the most serious type of skin cancer and can develop anywhere on your body.
Both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are highly treatable, especially if detected early.
Understanding Surgical Options
Surgery for skin cancer involves the removal of the cancerous cells and a margin of healthy skin surrounding them. The specific type of surgery depends on the type and size of the cancer, and the location is a factor as well. Mohs surgery is for areas where preserving tissue is a priority, such as the face. Your doctor will recommend the most appropriate procedure based on your specific diagnosis.
There are several types of surgeries that treat skin cancer. In an excisional surgery, the surgeon cuts out, or excises, the cancerous tissue and a surrounding margin of healthy skin. When a surgeon performs Mohs surgery, they remove the cancer layer by layer, examining each layer under a microscope until no abnormal cells remain. A surgeon may also scrape the growth with a sharp instrument; they follow this with treatment with an electric needle to destroy remaining cancer cells. Cryosurgery uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy cancer cells.
Preparing for Surgery
For your surgical preparation, your doctor will provide specific instructions, but general guidelines usually apply. Inform your doctor about any medications or supplements you are taking, as some may increase bleeding risk. Try to get a good night’s sleep before the surgery. Arriving on time allows the medical team to prepare you adequately before the procedure.
Here is a general checklist for preparation:
- Stop certain medications: You might need to pause blood thinners or anti-inflammatory drugs for a few days before the procedure.
- Avoid alcohol: Alcohol can increase bleeding, so it is best to avoid it for a few days before surgery.
- Arrange transportation: If you are receiving sedation, you will need someone to drive you home.
- Clean the area: Shower and clean the surgical site on the morning of the procedure.
Recovering After Surgery
Recovery time and instructions vary depending on the extent of the surgery. You might experience some pain or discomfort, which can typically be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers or prescribed medication. You will receive detailed care instructions, and these include instructions to care for the wound site.
Follow-up appointments allow the doctor to monitor healing and remove stitches if necessary. Protecting the scar from the sun is part of long-term care to promote proper healing. Contact your doctor if you notice excessive bleeding or signs of infection, and you can consult your care team if you experience severe pain.
Find Skin Cancer Surgery Today
When a surgeon removes malignant cells from the skin, the surgery treats various forms of skin cancer. Understanding the types of surgeries and preparation steps can help you prepare for the procedure, and knowing what to expect during recovery also helps you prepare. To learn more about skin cancer surgery, consult a dermatologist near you.