Dermal fillers are gel-like substances injected beneath the skin to help restore lost volume, smooth lines, or enhance facial contours. These treatments have become popular for individuals seeking to address signs of aging without undergoing surgery. Composed of various materials, each type of filler has a unique scientific basis for its function and intended use. Here’s information on the science behind filler types and how they work within the body to improve aesthetics:
Hyaluronic Acid Fillers
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring substance found in the body. There are high concentrations of HA in the skin, connective tissues, and eyes, and its primary function is to retain water. This keeps tissues well-lubricated and moist. HA fillers are the most common type of dermal fillers, as they are body-compatible and provide temporary results.
Improving Elasticity and Skin Tone
Hyaluronic acid binds to water in the skin, which helps to hydrate and give it volume. As people age, the natural production of HA decreases, leading to a loss of volume and the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. HA fillers supplement the body’s natural supply, and they can help restore volume and improve skin hydration. This added volume can support the facial structures and tissues that may have lost elasticity over time.
How Do HA Fillers Work?
When injected, hyaluronic acid fillers work by attracting water molecules to the treatment area, adding immediate volume. Filler’s gel-like substance integrates with the dermal tissue to create a smoother, fuller appearance. The body gradually and naturally absorbs the hyaluronic acid particles, and the effects will fade. Results can vary depending on the specific product formulation, the area treated, and the individual’s metabolism.
Collagen Promoting Fillers
Another class of fillers works by stimulating the body’s own natural collagen production, adding support. Collagen is a key structural protein in the skin that provides strength and support. These fillers provide some immediate volume, but their primary purpose is to rebuild the skin’s underlying structure for long-term improvements.
Two common types of collagen-promoting fillers are poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). PLLA is a biodegradable, synthetic substance that has been used for many years in medical devices. When injected, it acts as a stimulant, encouraging the body to produce new collagen over several months, and this process gradually restores volume to the treated areas. PMMA fillers consist of tiny microspheres suspended in a smooth collagen gel. The gel provides immediate volume, while the microspheres remain in place, forming a framework that supports new collagen production for longer-lasting structural support.
Calcium Hydroxylapatite Fillers
Calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) is another naturally occurring substance, found primarily in the bones. When used as a filler, it is biosynthetically produced, which means no animal products are used. This reduces the risk of allergic reactions, and no skin testing is required beforehand. CaHA fillers are suspended in a smooth gel carrier, and they provide immediate volume and correction upon injection. The body slowly absorbs the gel while the CaHA particles remain, acting as a scaffold for new collagen to grow around. This process helps to extend the initial volumizing effect.
Learn More About Dermal Fillers
Cosmetic injectables are based on skin biology and personal structural needs. Each type of dermal filler has a distinct composition and mechanism of action, designed to address specific aesthetic goals. To learn more about fillers, schedule a consultation with a cosmetic dermatologist. Working with a specialist gives you personalized care, as they can determine what treatments are best for your skin goals. Contact an aesthetic center today to develop a care plan for your needs.